Our mission is to provide the fullest possible accounting for our missing personnel to their families and the nation.

When American personnel remain captive, missing, or otherwise unaccounted-for at the conclusion of hostilities, the DoD accounting community becomes the responsible agent for determining the fate of the missing and where possible, recovering them alive or recovering and identifying the remains of the dead.

For those killed-in-action, the accounting community is charged with locating, recovering and identifying their remains. More than 81,900 Americans remain missing from World War II, the Korean War, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War.

The term "fullest possible accounting" is a significant, historically rooted, and aspirational description of the U.S. Government's commitment to determining what happened to U.S. personnel who are unaccounted-for from our Nation's designated past conflicts (World War II, Korean War, Cold War, Vietnam War, Libya, and the wars in Iraq (Desert Storm/Iraqi Freedom)). Unaccounted-for personnel are commonly referred to as “missing."

According to Section 1513, Title 10, United States Code, and Department of Defense (DoD) policy, unaccounted-for DoD personnel from past conflicts may only be "accounted for" if they are returned alive or their remains are recovered and identified.

DPAA considers that "fullest possible accounting" is achieved when all practicable investigations and reasonable recovery efforts are complete; and based upon the evidence gleaned from such efforts, an analytic and scientific conclusion is reached that a person's remains are deemed “non-recoverable."

The analytic conclusion that an unaccounted-for person's remains are non-recoverable does not mean the person has been accounted-for pursuant to Section 1513, Title 10, United States Code. Upon discovery of new and credible evidence, the DoD may resume research and recovery efforts.

Budget and Appropriations

The Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) is a Defense Agency within the Department of Defense (DoD) and receives annual funding through the DoD, Defense-Wide (DW), Operation and Maintenance (O&M), and Procurement (PROC) Appropriations.  The DPAA Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 President’s Budget request:  $129.725M

DoD budget details can be found at: 

https://comptroller.defense.gov/Budget-Materials/Budget2021/

DPAA budget details can be found at:

O&M Appropriation:

https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2021/budget_justification/pdfs/01_Operation_and_Maintenance/O_M_VOL_1_PART_1/DPAA_OP-5.pdf

Procurement Appropriation:

https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2021/budget_justification/pdfs/02_Procurement/DPAA_PB2021.pdf

Status

The President’s Fiscal Year 2021 budget request was delivered to Congress on February 10, 2020.  The DPAA Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 President’s Budget request, $129.725M, is divided into two separate appropriation requests:  $129.225M of O&M, and $0.500M of PROC.

As of October 1, 2020, the federal government, including DoD and DPAA, will begin the new FY under a 72-day Continuing Resolution.

DPAA Budget History:

Enacted appropriations listed below. 

FY2015:  $130.936M

FY2016:  $115.372M

FY2017:  $112.478M

FY2018:  $144.204M (including $15M in Congressional Program Increases)

FY2019:  $160.360M (including $30M in Congressional Program Increases)

FY2020:  $169.532M (including $24M in Congressional Program Increases)

The Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (AFMES), including the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL), provides critical support. The personnel components of the military departments, including the Service Casualty and Mortuary Affairs officers also provide key support serving as primary liaisons with family members. Other DoD entities, including intelligence community components such as the Defense Intelligence Agency bring together myriad specialties that are instrumental in support of achieving the fullest possible accounting.

Agency teams deploy to countries throughout Asia, the Pacific and Europe, as well as to sites in the United States. The agency also performs humanitarian missions worldwide to recover and identify individuals as directed by Pacific Command.

Our mission will be achieved case by case, individual by individual, and family by family. The mission is not about numbers, it is about the fullest possible accounting of all Americans who are still missing from past conflicts dating back to World War II. We will stay the course with this mission until the job is done.

There are 22 missing female service members from WWII.

Generally, no. While the agency uses historical information to develop leads and to investigate losses, we are not the source or archive for information. To find these answers would require us to pull an analyst from his/her current case investigation work.

Unfortunately, we are not authorized to expend resources for requests outside the scope of our mission and allocated assignments. Each military service maintains its own historical archive. The National Archives is a great source for historical documentation and research.

The agency does not currently conduct operations in North Korea; however, through past operations we have recovered over 200 remains.

The U.S. remains committed to the mission of achieving the fullest possible accounting of missing service members. When conditions are deemed suitable, we will open discussions with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) regarding a restart of recovery operations. There are approximately 7,800 service members still unaccounted-for from the Korean War. Of that total, it is estimated that approximately 5,300 are located in North Korea. The majority of our missions in North Korea were in Unsan and Kujang counties.

In October 1950, a North Korean Army major took command of over 700 American service men interned as prisoners of war (POWs). Only 262 of these men returned alive. One of the survivors, Army Pfc. Wayne A. "Johnnie" Johnson, secretly recorded the names of 496 fellow prisoners who died during their captivity and had it published.

The agency is actively attempting to advise the families of the 496 men identified on the Johnnie Johnson List. We have direct contact with their organized group, "Tiger Survivors Association." This relationship has resulted in a very good exchange of information including our agency learning additional circumstances of loss and family locator information. Presently, we have a very good idea of when and where most of those lost eventually died, and the locations of their burials. We will use this information in the planning for future excavations in Korea.

To learn more about the heroic efforts of Pfc. Johnson and receive a copy of his list, visit the Johnnie Johnson page.

The agency mission and the experience of staff members uniquely suit the agency to assist in many crises around the world. The agency has the largest forensics anthropological laboratory and the largest staff of forensic anthropologists and odontologists under one roof anywhere in the world -- several of whom hold the highest board certifications in their fields.

Yes. Information regarding the Prisoner of War Medal can be found here.

Thank you very much for your kind and generous wish to support the POW/MIA effort.

Many have expressed a desire to help DPAA provide the fullest possible accounting for the approximately 81,000 missing Department of Defense personnel from the Nation’s past conflicts to their families and the Nation.

Section 523 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 amended Title 10, U.S. Code § 1501a to authorize the Secretary of Defense to accept and use gifts of money, property, or services made on the condition that the gift be used for the purpose of facilitating accounting for missing persons pursuant to Title 10, U.S. Code § 1501(a).

This authority has been delegated to the Director, DPAA.

If you are interested in making a non-cash monetary gift (check or money order), please mail it and any conditions on the use of the gift to:

Director
Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
2300 Defense Pentagon
Washington, DC 20301-2300

If you are interested in donating property or services, please email dpaa.donations@mail.mil and briefly describe the gift, its value, any cost that DPAA may incur if the gift was accepted, and any conditions on use of the gift.

A DPAA representative will respond to your email.

The agency holds technical, or consultative, talks with many different countries in a typical year. Generally, we present our requested schedule of investigations and operations in a given host country. We may show them which specific cases we're working on, and why it's important that we visit a certain area at a certain time of the year. We talk about logistics and how we plan to move our teams in-country, and the kind of support we would need from them at the national, provincial, or local levels.

Many factors are related to how recovery sites are prioritized. Weather, terrain challenges, site accessibility, and various logistical and operational concerns help determine the planning and staging of recoveries. The agency is also required to routinely carry out technical negotiations and talks with representatives of foreign governments in order to ensure positive and safe in-country conditions for today's agency service members.

As you can imagine, these efforts do not happen overnight. The agency makes every effort to reach sites in jeopardy as soon as possible, and that too is a factor in prioritization. Some sites are in danger of being lost due to urbanization, and/or environmental, regulatory, or political issues beyond the control of the agency.

We have one Research and Investigation Team (RIT) comprised of 10-14 members who are primarily analysts and linguists. Their job is to research archives in the host nation (museums; government archives; etc); investigate any leads in Last Known Alive cases (still our number one priority); and obtain the oral history from host-nation military and governmental officials that may have broad information about a particular region or battle. They can develop 30-40 new leads through these means.

The agency can also form investigative teams (IT) consisting of four to nine members with specialized skills (team leader, analysts, linguist, medic, and sometimes anthropologists). Their job is to follow up on the leads of the RIT through interviewing potential witnesses, conducting on-site reconnaissance, and surveying terrain for safety and logistical concerns. Their goal is to obtain enough information to correlate or connect a particular site with an MIA. Their findings and recommendations determine what will be scheduled for recovery.

We have 23 recovery teams (RT) including one underwater and one mountaineering team and will increase each year until 2015. Each team consists of 10-14 people comprised of a forensic anthropologist, team leader and sergeant, linguist, medic, life support technician, communications technician, forensic photographer, explosive ordnance disposal technician, and mortuary affairs specialists. Recovery teams use standard field archaeology methods in the excavation as directed by the on-site anthropologist.

Family members can contact the appropriate Service Casualty Office for more information.

DoD will protect the names and addresses of family members from release. In specific cases where the family member gives written authorization, DoD may release name and address information.
At Family Update meetings, family members receive the option to provide a written statement to release their personal information to fellow attendees. DoD facilitates this release of information to help the families build a network of support.

Once we have an ID, we notify the appropriate service's Casualty Assistance Office. These offices are responsible for notifying the family and making logistics and burial arrangements. They also assist us by searching for families when there are none on record and/or soliciting family for the mtDNA samples we may need.

Typically, the SCO has had contact for years with the primary next of kin on cases that are being worked by agency investigators. When the agency finishes an investigation or an excavation, all of our field work is summarized in an after-action report.

A copy of that report is forwarded to the SCO, which gives it to the family. The Department of Defense works hard to keep family members fully informed, and let them know what the next steps might be with regards to their particular case, even if it's months or years ahead.

Once the agency completes an identification in its laboratory, we prepare an extensive set of briefing materials and send them to the Service Casualty Office (SCO, the service of the missing person). Then, that SCO contacts the family to let them know an identification has been made.

They will schedule a convenient time to come to the families' home and brief them on the entire case. Often, the primary next of kin invite other family members to be present so all can get the same information at the same time. The mortuary officer will have studied the case extensively before he/she visits with the family in order to best respond to any questions that might be asked by the family. If the family accepts the identification, their next decision is how the remains should be buried.

The mortuary officer will have several options available, including burial in a hometown cemetery, in a national cemetery, or burial at Arlington National Cemetery near Washington D.C. Of course, the military pays for all expenses associated with the transportation and burial of the remains. Though there are minor differences among the services, in general they also pay for two family members to fly to the location of the selected burial site, as well as for hotel expenses during the period of the funeral.

Many months (and often years) of planning and research go into a site before the actual excavation begins. An excavation cannot begin until we think we have pinpointed the possible location of an MIA or MIAs.

Here’s how the process works: researchers and historians will examine host nation archives (museums, government archives, etc.); investigate any leads in Last Known Alive cases (still our number one priority); and obtain oral histories from host-nation military and governmental officials that may have broad information about a particular region or battle. Investigative Teams (IT) will follow up on leads through interviewing potential witnesses, conducting on-site reconnaissance, and surveying terrain for safety and logistical concerns.

Their goal is to obtain enough information to correlate a particular site with an MIA. Again, if they don’t find evidence, then the process will continue until a point in the future when enough evidence is gathered to recommend an excavation. Once a recovery is approved, recovery teams (RT) will be scheduled to enter a country to conduct a forensic archaeological recovery to find the remains of an MIA or MIAs. An agency forensic anthropologist on the recovery team designates the sites that will be excavated based on information provided from previous investigations.

Team members carefully sift through tons of soil by digging and screening plots of dirt in hopes of uncovering clues to the missing. Missions can last from approximately 30-65 days, with teams digging eight to 10 hours daily. Many factors can contribute to the length of time it takes to complete an excavation of a particular site. Sometimes, the recovery team finds nothing at a site. When this happens, the agency must return to the investigation phase in the hopes of pinpointing the actual location of a site (even if the initial investigation pointed to a particular location, sometimes the excavation team can find no further evidence).

Other times, it takes more than one trip to complete an excavation (which size-wise can range from an individual burial site to an aircraft crash that spans a football field-sized area). Since the teams only have a set time period in which to work, often they have to suspend the excavation of the site until they return. Sometimes they can go back on the next scheduled mission (we try to do this whenever possible – our priority is to close sites where we have already begun excavation), but sometimes we can’t go back immediately (due to weather conditions, other scheduled missions that need excavating and are already coordinated and planned for the fiscal year, etc.) The bottom line is that it can take months to years to completely excavate a site.

Yes. The Library of Congress and National Archives are additional resources if you would like to do research on your own.

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/finding-aids/powmia-files

https://aad.archives.gov/aad/

We offer periodic tours of our facilities on Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii. If you are interested in visiting our command, please contact Public Affairs .

DoD provides family members access to:
• Family Briefings
• News Items
• Case Files
More information about each of these categories is available in the basic research information for family members page.

Maternal family members are eligible to provide blood samples for the purpose of establishing a comprehensive family reference DNA database.
A family reference database that includes an mtDNA sample for each of the unaccounted-for servicemen enables comparisons between remains in support of the identification process.
Families should contact their Service Casualty Office POC for details regarding sample provision. Also, a helpful eligible donor chart is provided on the possible donors page.

Your primary points of contact are personnel in one of the following Service Casualty Offices:

• United States Air Force 1 (800) 531-5501
• United States Army 1 (800) 892-2490
• United States Marine Corps 1 (800) 847-1597
• United States Navy 1 (800) 443-9298
• Department of State 1 (202) 485-6106

Once a relationship is established with the appropriate Service Casualty Office, the agency is able to provide access resources to help clarify the status of your missing family member.

Air Force Personnel
All Air Force personnel must apply for a position on Equal Plus (enlisted only). For enlisted personnel, if the job is not on Equal Plus for your rank/grade/Armed Forces Service Corporation (AFSC), we currently do not have any vacant billets. Officer positions will be listed on AMS. Check regularly under your AFSC as requirements do change.

*Note: The Agency’s Human Capital Directorate (HCD, like a J1) will refer all assignment questions to the Service's respective assignment section. HCD waits for each Service assignment section to fill in the requisition for any vacant positions. Please refer all of your assignment questions to your career field manager at AFPC.

Navy and Marine Personnel
All Navy and Marine personnel must contact their respective rating assignment officer for any type of assignment. For Navy personnel, they must request an Agency assignment from their Detailer at BUPERS. For Marine personnel, they must request an assignment at the Agency from their Monitor at HQMC. The rating assignment officer will decide if a billet is available at the Agency depending on their Specialty/Rate/NEC/MOS.

*Note: The Agency’s Human Capital Directorate (HCD, like a J1) will refer all assignment questions to the Service's respective assignment section. HCD waits for each Service assignment section to fill in the requisition for any vacant positions. Please refer all of your assignment questions to your rating assignment officer at BUPERS/HQMC.

Army Personnel
All Army personnel must contact their respective branch manager at HQDA for an assignment to the Agency. Their rating branch manager will decide if a billet is available at the Agency depending on their Specialty/MOS.

*Note: The Agency’s Human Capital Directorate (HCD, like a J1) will refer all assignment questions to the Service's respective assignment section. HCD waits for each Service assignment section to fill in the requisition for any vacant positions. Please refer all of your assignment questions to your branch manager at HQDA.

Reserve / National Guard Personnel
The Agency has only a handful of Reserve and no National Guard billets. The Agency does not have the authority to bring Reservists/National Guard personnel to active duty to augment our missions.

*For personnel that have been assigned to a billet at the Agency, please call 808-448-1934 or email Public Affairs if you have any questions or need a sponsor assigned.